Deities of the ancient Near East
Ancient Egyptian: Amun Apis Atum Buchis
Geb Horus Isis Montu Nephthys Nut Osiris
Ptah Ra Set Shu Tefnut Thoth
Arabian: Allah Aglibol Abgal al-Lat al-Qaum
al-‘Uzzá Atarsamain Athtar Baalshamin
Bēl Dhul Khalasa Dushara Hubal Malakbel
Manaf Manāt Nasr Nuha Orotalt Ruda Suwa'
Theandrios Wadd Ya'uq Yaghūth Yarhibol Yatha
Levantine (Canaanite): Adonis Anat Asherah Ashima Astarte Atargatis Attar Baal Berith Chemosh Dagon El Elyon Eshmun Gad Hadad Kothar-wa-Khasis Melqart Moloch Mot Nikkal Qetesh Resheph Shadrafa Shahar Shalim Shapash Yam Yahweh Yarikh Elamite Inshushinak Jabru Khumban Kiririsha Lahurati Nahundi Napir Ninsusinak Pinikir
Mesopotamian: Abzu/Apsu Adad Amurru An/Anu Anshar Ashur Enki/Ea Enlil Ereshkigal Inanna/Ishtar/Ishtarat Kingu Kishar Lahamu Lahmu Marduk Mummu Nabu Nammu Nanna/Sin Nergal Ningishzida Ninhursag Ninlil Tiamat Utu/Shamash
Religions of the ancient Near East
Anatolia Ancient Egypt Arabia Canaan Persia
Mesopotamia Sumer Semitic; Ancient Semitic religion encompasses the
polytheistic religions of the Semitic peoples
from the ancient Near East and Northeast Africa.
Since the term Semitic itself represents a rough
category when referring to cultures, as opposed
to languages, the definitive bounds of the term
"ancient Semitic religion" are only approximate.
Semitic traditions and their pantheons
fall into regional categories: Canaanite religions of the Levant, Sumerian tradition-inspired Assyro-Babylonian religion of Mesopotamia, and Arabian polytheism. Semitic polytheism possibly transitioned into Abrahamic monotheism by way of the god El, whose name "El" is a word for "god" in Hebrew, cognate to Arabic Allah.
Abbreviations: Ac. Akkadian-Babylonian; Ug. Ugaritic;
Pp. Phoenician; Ib. Hebrew; Ar. Arabic; OSA Old South Arabian; Et. Ethiopic
ʼIlu - "god" (Sky god, head of pantheon: Ac. Ilu, Ug. il, Pp. ʼl/Ēlos, Ib. El/Elohim, Ar. Allāh, OSA ʼl).
ʼAṯiratu - (Ilu's wife: Ug. aṯrt, Ib. Ašērāh, OSA ʼṯrt) - The meaning of the name is unknown. She is also called ʼIlatu "goddess" (Ac. Ilat, Pp. ʼlt, Ar. Allāt).
ʻAṯtaru - (God of Fertility: Ug.
ʻṯtr, OSA ʻṯtr, Et. ʻAstar sky god).
ʻAṯtartu - (Goddess of Fertility:
Ac. Ištar, Ug. ʻṯtrt, Pp. ʻštrt / Astarte,
Ib. ʻAštoreṯ). The meaning of the
name is unknown and not related to ʼAṯiratu.
Haddu/Hadadu - (Storm god: Ac.
Adad, Ug. hd, Pp. Adodos). The meaning
of the name is probably "thunderer".
This god is also known as Baʻlu "husband, lord"
(Ac. Bel, Ug. bʻl, Pp. bʻl/Belos, Ib. Baʻal).
Śamšu - "sun" (Sun goddess: Ug. špš, OSA:
šmš, but Ac. Šamaš is a male god).
Wariḫu - "moon" (Moon god: Ug. yrḫ,
Ib. Yārēaḥ, OSA wrḫ).