Alone: without anyone or anything else, separated, isolated.
Lonely: feeling an emotional response to lack of companionship.
They tell me I look lonely. I tell them I'm not. They point out the fact that I'm sitting in a corner with a 5-yard radius of open floor. "Yes," I say, "Isn't it lovely?" They tell me I can't be happy when I'm alone. I ask if they'd like to place a wager on that statement. Confused, they walk away. Now I'm alone. Now I'm happy.