The Mongols swept down from the North across the Persian plains They massacred those who did not flee and left their homes in flames. The libraries that heretofore were Persia's pride and joy Were valueless as plunder to the rapacious Golden Horde. So that is why the buildings burned and the rivers turned to black as priceless volumes bled to death discarded in the Horde's attack. A learned culture was destroyed and never made it back in the land that is a crossroads and which is now known as Iraq.
The Mongol horde devastatedΒ Β the lands of the Persian Empire in the 1200's. They discarded priceless volumes in the rivers and lakes, turning the water black