ASSUME: √2 is a rational number i.e. √2 = X/Y where X, Y are integers with no common factors (1) (cos by definition that what it means to be a rational number)
==> (√2)^2 = (X/Y)^2 (2) (by squaring (^) each side) ==> 2 = X^2/Y^2 (3) (by multiplying everything out) ==> 2Y^2 = X^2 (4) (by multiplying both sides by Y^2) ==> X^2 = 2Y^2 (5) (by reversing the equation) ==> X^2 is even (6) (cos 2 times anything is even) ==> X is even (7) (cos if X it were odd, X^2 would be odd) ==> X = 2P where P is some other positive integer (8) (cos by definition that’s what it means for X to be even) (4) and (8) ==> 2Y^2 = (2P)^2 (9) (by substituting for X) ==> 2Y^2 = 4P^2 (10) (by multiplying everything out) ==> Y^2 = 2P^2 (11) (by dividing both sides by 2) ==> Y^2 is even (12) (cos 2 times anything is even) ==> Y is even (13) (cos if Y it were odd, Y^2 would be odd) ==> Y = 2Q where Q is some other positive integer (14) (cos by definition that’s what it means for Y to be even) (1), (8) and (14) ==> X/Y = 2P/2Q (17) (by substituting for X and Y) ==> X and Y have a common factor of 2 (18) (cos we can see the 2’s) ==> The assumption at (1) is false (19) (cos it says: “X, Y are integers with no common factors”) ==> √2 is NOT rational Q.E.D