Gauss |gaʊs| (abbrev.: G) noun (pl.same or gausses) a unit of magnetic induction, equal to one ten-thousandth of a tesla. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: named after Karl Gauss (see Gauss, Karl Friedrich) . Gauss, Karl Friedrich |gaʊs| (1777–1855), German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. Gauss laid the foundations of number theory, and applied rigorous mathematical analysis to geometry, geodesy, electrostatics, and electromagnetism.