Conclusion
Your intuition that the physical nature of the universe determines what kinds of mathematics are possible, or even thinkable, is well-grounded. While mathematics may seem like a purely abstract field, our experience of the universe fundamentally shapes how we think about numbers, space, time, and mathematical operations. In a different kind of universe—with different laws of physics, dimensions, or structures—certain kinds of mathematics might not exist, and others, which are beyond our imagination, could arise.

Ultimately, the universe acts as a kind of filter on the kinds of mathematical concepts we can conceive of, making certain types of mathematics natural and intuitive, while rendering other forms either irrelevant or unimaginabl