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__Canto I: Before the beginning__ St. Augustine was asked, "What happened before creation?" He replied, time is a part of creation-- if there is no time, there is no before. Now many conjectures-- We don't really know, but Augie could be right. __Canto II: The earliest and furthest we can see__ 400,000 years after the beginning, the atomic plasma combined, and light broke free of matter. 3000 degrees then, 3 degrees now, expanding and cooling-- The Cosmic Microwave Background: escaped light, fiat lux. __Canto III: The big bang starting point__ Dense, hot spacetime with physics different from ours. What is to become the visible universe is the size of a proton (give or take). Separation and emergence of the four forces, gravity first. All the energy of the universe is present-- It's all in a low entropy state, primed for almost unimaginable transformations __Canto IV: Inflation, an evidence supported theory of crazy expansion__ Superluminal expansion of spacetime. In an instant, inflation begins and ends, from proton-sized to inches. Within spacetime the speed of light is energy's maximum, but need spacetime itself be so limited? We don't know the full extent of spacetime, just what we can backtrack. After inflation, a coasting slowing expansion begins __Canto V: Particle creation and cooling__ Age of subatomic particles-- Is this when dark matter appears or is it already there? Quark creation, fusion and confinement into particles. Neutrons, protons and others. Recognizable physics processes occur. Cooling, coasting expansion. __Canto VI: Normal  matter__ Protons, electrons and photons appear in a hot plasma state. With cooling, electrons are captured and atoms appear. Light, with fewer charged particles to dance with, leaves matter behind to create the Cosmic Microwave Background. Free at last! __Canto VII: Changes slow, but expansion continues and then spurts__ Clouds of matter, normal and dark, gravitational compaction. Two billion years: Proto-galaxies and stars form Things are starting to look normal. Feeding on dark energy, expansion speeds up. Surprise! Galactic accretion continues __Canto VIII: Life__ Four billion and a half years ago earth forms. Less than a billion years later, there is life. Are we special? Does life exist elsewhere? The visible universe is 14 billion years "old" and counting. Everywhere we look we see uniformity: We may not be alone. __Canto IX: The end?__ All distant terrible fates: Don't worry, be happy!
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Oct 29, 2020
Oct 29, 2020 at 7:36 AM UTC
The Evolution of the Universe in Nine Cantos
__Canto I: Before the beginning__ St. Augustine was asked, "What happened before creation?" He replied, time is a part of creation-- if there is no time, there is no before. Now many conjectures-- We don't really know, but Augie could be right. __Canto II: The earliest and furthest we can see__ 400,000 years after the beginning, the atomic plasma combined, and light broke free of matter. 3000 degrees then, 3 degrees now, expanding and cooling-- The Cosmic Microwave Background: escaped light, fiat lux. __Canto III: The big bang starting point__ Dense, hot spacetime with physics different from ours. What is to become the visible universe is the size of a proton (give or take). Separation and emergence of the four forces, gravity first. All the energy of the universe is present-- It's all in a low entropy state, primed for almost unimaginable transformations __Canto IV: Inflation, an evidence supported theory of crazy expansion__ Superluminal expansion of spacetime. In an instant, inflation begins and ends, from proton-sized to inches. Within spacetime the speed of light is energy's maximum, but need spacetime itself be so limited? We don't know the full extent of spacetime, just what we can backtrack. After inflation, a coasting slowing expansion begins __Canto V: Particle creation and cooling__ Age of subatomic particles-- Is this when dark matter appears or is it already there? Quark creation, fusion and confinement into particles. Neutrons, protons and others. Recognizable physics processes occur. Cooling, coasting expansion. __Canto VI: Normal  matter__ Protons, electrons and photons appear in a hot plasma state. With cooling, electrons are captured and atoms appear. Light, with fewer charged particles to dance with, leaves matter behind to create the Cosmic Microwave Background. Free at last! __Canto VII: Changes slow, but expansion continues and then spurts__ Clouds of matter, normal and dark, gravitational compaction. Two billion years: Proto-galaxies and stars form Things are starting to look normal. Feeding on dark energy, expansion speeds up. Surprise! Galactic accretion continues __Canto VIII: Life__ Four billion and a half years ago earth forms. Less than a billion years later, there is life. Are we special? Does life exist elsewhere? The visible universe is 14 billion years "old" and counting. Everywhere we look we see uniformity: We may not be alone. __Canto IX: The end?__ All distant terrible fates: Don't worry, be happy!
jvbeaupre
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Oct 29, 2020
Oct 29, 2020 at 7:36 AM UTC
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